Wind Research - International Wind Resource Maps

Here is a collection of access to NREL-developed wind resource maps and atlases for several countries. NREL also provides access to maps available from the Asia Alternative Energy Program (ASTAE) and the Solar and Wind Energy Resource Assessment (SWERA). The SWERA Link includes solar maps as well as the wind maps, GIS data, interactive maps, and country reports. Some of the following documents are available as Adobe Acrobat PDFs. Download Adobe Reader.

Maps Developed by NREL

Afghanistan: Map: Afghanistan (PDF 385 KB)

Armenia: Atlas: Elliott, D., Schwartz, M., Scott, G., Haymes, S., Heimiller, D., George, R. (July 2003). Wind Energy Resource Atlas of Armenia (PDF 8.9 MB). NREL/TP-500-33544.

Bhutan: Map: Bhutan (PDF 198 KB)

Central America: Maps: Central America (PDF 2.9 MB), El Salvador (PDF 366 KB), Guatemala (PDF 139 KB), Honduras (PDF 1.6 MB), Nicaragua (PDF 1.9 MB), Chile Maps: Region IX: Pacific Coast (PDF 135 KB), Region X: Pacific Coast (PDF 107 KB), Region X: Selected Islands - Isla de Chiloe Area (PDF 124 KB), Region X: Lago Ranco Area (PDF 111 KB)

China: Atlas: Elliott, D., Schwartz, M., Scott, G., Haymes, S., Heimiller, D., George, R. (November 2002). Wind Energy Resource Atlas of Southeast China (PDF 17 MB) The zip file contains the PDF plus additional data files referenced in the PDF (ZIP 23 MB). NREL/TP-500-32781.

Maps:

Cuba: Map: Cuba (PDF 1.63 MB)

Dominican Republic: Atlas: Elliott, D., Schwartz, M., George, R., Haymes, S., Heimiller, D., Scott, G., Kline, J. (October 2001). Wind Energy Atlas of the Dominican Republic (PDF 14.37 MB). NREL/TP-500-27602.

Ghana: Map: Ghana (PDF 620 KB)

Indonesia: Maps: Sumba (PDF 80 KB), West Timor (PDF 86 KB)

Mexico: Atlas: Elliott, D.; Schwartz, M.; Scott, G.; Haymes, S.; Heimiller, D.; George, R. (August 2003). Wind Energy Resource Atlas of Oaxaca (PDF 15.6 MB)." NREL/TP-500-34519.

Maps:Baja California: Norte Border Region (JPEG 542 KB; PDF 367 KB), Western Chihuahua Border Region (JPEG 621 KB; PDF 950 KB), Northwestern Mexico Border Areas (JPEG 538 KB; PDF 726 KB), Eastern Sonora Border Region (JPEG 467 KB; PDF 342 KB), Western Sonora Border Region (JPEG 454 KB; PDF 599 KB), Baja California Sur (GIF 284 KB; PDF 506 KB), Quintana Roo and Yucatan (GIF 274 KB)

Mongolia:Atlas:Elliott, D., Schwartz, M., Scott, G., Haymes, S., Heimiller, D., George, R. (August 2001). Wind Energy Resource Atlas of Mongolia (PDF 24.48 MB). NREL/TP-500-28972.

Pakistan: Map: (PDF 388 KB)

Philippines:Atlas: Elliott, D., Schwartz, M, George, R. Haymes, S., Heimiller, D., Scott, G., McCarthy, E. (February 2001). Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the Philippines (PDF 14 MB). NREL/TP-500-26129.

Russia:Map: Murmansk and Arkhangel'sk (JPEG 920 KB)

Sri Lanka and the Maldives: Atlas: Elliott, D., Schwartz, M., Scott, G., Haymes, S., Heimiller, D., George, R. (August 2003). Wind Energy Resource Atlas of Sri Lanka and the Maldives (PDF 28.71 MB). NREL/TP-500-34518.

Other Links to Wind Resource Maps

Solar and Wind Energy Resource Assessment (SWERA)

The Solar and Wind Energy Resource Assessment (SWERA) provides information about solar and wind energy resources in thirteen partner countries around the world. Products include data on wind and solar energy potential, plus detailed country energy analyses. SWERA is a UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) project with co-financing from Global Environment Facility (GEF). The goal is to provide solar and wind energy assessments to potential investors and the public to promote more effective use of alternative energy resources.

World Bank Group's Asia Alternative Energy Program (ASTAE)

Asia Alternative Energy Program (ASTAE) maintains the Wind Energy Resource Atlas of South Asia. The atlas covers four countries: Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. The purpose of the atlas is to facilitate the development of wind energy both for utility-scale generation and for village power and other off-grid applications.

Volt-amperes to Watts Conversion Formula

 
Volts, Watts, AMPS, KVA, KW and Horse Power Conversions
It is not really a conversion as such but a formula where any two values are needed  to be known to enable the third to be calculated.
 
Convert Watts to Volts:
Voltage = Watts / AMPS
E = P ÷ I
 
Convert Watts to AMPS:
AMPS = Watts / Voltage
I = P ÷ E
 
Example:
2,300 WATTS = 2300w divided by 120v = 19.1 AMPS
(for 3 Phase divide by 1.73)
Convert AMPS to Watts:
Watts = Voltage x Amps
P = E x I
Example: 19.1 AMPS multiplied by 120v = 2300 Watts
(for 3 phase multiply by 1.73)
 
Convert Horse Power to AMPS:
HORSEPOWER= (V x A x EFF)÷746
EFFICIENCY= (746 x HP)÷(V x A)
Multiply Horse Power by 746w (1 HP = 746 Watts)
Find Circuit Voltage and Phase
 
Example:
30 HP at 480 (3 Phase) - 746 multiplied by 30 = 22380
22380 divided by 480 (3 Phase) = 46.5
46.5 divided by 1.73 = 29.5AMPS
Multiply all the motor loads by 1.50% and go to the next circuit size.
Convert KVA to AMPS:
Multiply KVA by 1000/voltage
Example:
30 KVA multiplied by 1000v = 30,000 Watts
30,000 Watts divided by 480 = 62.5 AMPS
(for 3 phase divide by 1.73)
 
Convert KW to AMPS:
Multiply KW by 1000/voltage and then by power factor
Example:
30KW multiplied by 1000v = 30,000
30,000 divided by 480 = 62.5 x .90 = 56.25amps
(for 3 phase divide by 1.73)
 
Symbolic
E =VOLTS or (V = VOLTS)
P =WATTS or (W = WATTS)
R = OHMS or (R = RESISTANCE)
I =AMPERES or (A = AMPERES)
HP = HORSEPOWER
PF = POWER FACTOR
kW = KILOWATTS
kWh = KILOWATT HOUR
VA = VOLT-AMPERES
kVA = KILOVOLT-AMPERES
C = CAPACITANCE
EFF = EFFICIENCY (expressed as a decimal)

Two-stage Evaporative Cooler

Getting out of a pool and standing in a breeze will help you feel cool, even on a hot day. This is the principle behind evaporative cooling. Evaporative coolers, often called "swamp coolers", are cooling systems that use only water and a blower to circulate air. In the system, warm, dry air is pulled through a water-soaked pad. As the water evaporates, a cooling effect on the surrounding air occurs. Evaporative coolers use only a fraction of the energy of traditional air conditioning systems. Unfortunately, except for in very dry climates, they may increase humidity to a level that makes occupants uncomfortable. Two-stage evaporative coolers do not produce humidity levels as high as that produced by traditional single-stage evaporative coolers.

In the first stage of a two-stage cooler, warm air is pre-cooled indirectly without adding humidity (by passing inside a heat exchanger that is cooled by evaporation on the outside). In the direct stage, the precooled air passes through a water-soaked pad and picks up humidity as it cools. Because the air supply to the second stage evaporator is pre-cooled, less humidity is added to the air (because cooler air can't hold as much moisture as warmer air). The result, according to the manufacturer, is cool air with a relative humidity between 50 and 70 percent, depending on the climate, compared to a traditional system that produces about 80 percent relative humidity air.

An advanced two-stage evaporative cooler uses 100 percent outdoor air and a variable speed blower to circulate cool air. Two-stage evaporative coolers can reduce energy consumption by 60 to 75 percent over conventional air conditioning systems, according to the American Society of Heating and Engineers (ASHRAE). Yet this relative improvement depends on location and application. Evaporative coolers work best in very dry climates and are not suitable for much of the East Coast, Midwest, and Coastal U.S.
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